Network Topology

network topology describes the layout or appearance of a network that is, how the computers, cables and other components within a data communication network are interconnected , both physically and logically.

TYPES:
1. Bus topology
2. Ring topology
3. Star topology
4. Tree topology
5. Mesh topology
6. Hybrid topology

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Subnetting

subnetting-  is a process of dividing a single network into multiple smaller network.
subnetting helps in minimizing the wastage of IP address.
subnetting converting 0's into 1's

WAYS:- 1. FLSM ( fixed length subnet mask )
              2. VLSM ( variable length subnet mask)

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Private IP and Public IP

difference between Private IP and Public IP

private IP:-
1.used with the LAN
2.not recognized on internet
3.given by the administrator
4.unique within the network
5.free
6.unregistered

Public IP:-
1.used on public network(internet)
2.recognized on internet
3.given by the service providers
4.globally unique
5.pay to service provides
6.registered
           

Private IP range:-
class A
10.0.0.0  to 10.255.255.255

class B
172.16.0.0   to 172.31.255.255

class C
192.168.0.0   to 192.168.255.255

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IP Address

IP stand for Internet protocol, IP address is logical and unique address given to each and every device in the network.
IP address classification:-
IP addresses are divided into 5 classes-
class A     0     -127    |
class B     128 -191    |       used in LAN and WAN
class C     192 -223    |

class D      224 -239      reserved for multicasting
class E      240 -255      reserved for research and development

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:-
1. unicast :- send a packet from one host to an individual host.
2. broadcast :- send a packet from one host to all host in network.
3. multicast :- send a packet from one host to selected group of hosts.

NETWORK AND HOST
class A       N.H.H.H
class B       N.N.H.H
class C       N.N.N.H

H represent a specific device in network.
N represent set of devices.

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